victor hugo

Paul Leni’s Silent Film ‘The Man Who Laughs’ Is Serious Cinema

Paul Leni’s Silent Film ‘The Man Who Laughs’ Is Serious Cinema

There's so much tragedy present, so many skullduggeries afoot, and so many cruel and vindictive characters in attendance that a sad and heartbreaking ending seems to be an obvious given in Paul Leni's silent film, The Man Who Laughs.

When the Camera Swings: Silent Film Master Paul Leni’s ‘The Man Who Laughs’ and ‘The Last Warning’

When the Camera Swings: Silent Film Master Paul Leni’s ‘The Man Who Laughs’ and ‘The Last Warning’

Paul Leni loved to move the camera to unsettle viewers -- under curtains, through doors, down trapdoors, swinging on ropes -- as seen in The Man Who Laughs and The Last Warning.

Consciousness and Liberation in Victor Hugo’s ‘Les Misérables’

Consciousness and Liberation in Victor Hugo’s ‘Les Misérables’

Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables is a celebrated classic on the human condition that engages the reader wholly while forever altering their perspective.

The Changing Nature of the Nature of Art